Minimum Annular Ring
Rule category: Manufacturing
Rule classification: Unary
Summary
Specifies the minimum annular ring required for a pad or via. The annular ring is measured radially, from the edge of the pad/via hole to the edge of the pad/via.
For very dense designs, the smaller the annular ring the better, as less space is taken by the pad or via and more space can be dedicated to routing the traces in highly populated areas of the board.
To take the annular ring constraint lower can have a greater impact on the cost when it comes to fabricating the board. The decision basically comes down to whether the benefit from greater routing space outweighs the price increase. Many designers will regularly specify an annular ring constraint of 5-7mil - happy to pay the extra cost for the freedom they have gained when it comes time to route their boards.
Constraints
Default constraints for the MinimumAnnualRing rule.
- Minimum Annular Ring (x-y) - the minimum value for the annular ring around the pads/vias targeted by the rule. (Default = 10mil).
How Duplicate Rule Contentions are Resolved
All rules are resolved by the priority setting. The system goes through the rules from highest to lowest priority and picks the first one whose scope expression(s) match the object(s) being checked.
Rule Application
Online DRC and Batch DRC.
Notes
- Different fabrication houses will undoubtedly use varied and differing manufacturing technologies and equipment. Average performance houses may offer design specifications allowing a 10mil minimum annular ring. High performance houses may be able to reduce that figure down to 5mil. If pad and via holes are laser-drilled, as opposed to mechanically drilled, then the value for the minimum annular ring may be reduced further still.
- The class of board you are designing will also play a part in the value required for the minimum annular ring. For example, if your design is of IPC Class 3 standard, which refers to high reliability electronics products, the required minimum annular ring is 2mil.
- If you do have to reduce the annular ring below the accepted standard of the fabrication house, try to limit the usage of such affected pads and vias. The more pads and vias on the board that use such annular ring specifications, the more chance there is of a board failing during the fabrication process.
- To have no annular ring would, for one thing, cause poor solder joints, as there would be no copper for solder to flow onto after emerging from the pad/via barrel.
- Standards define a minimum value for the annular ring, but these values can be reduced further. The reason why they are defined at the levels they are, is to guard against drill breakout. This phenomenon is fairly common when dealing with low values for the annular ring. Drill breakout occurs as a result of several manufacturing parameters (e.g. hole location, hole size, film expansion) interacting unfavorably with one another, leading to the hole being drilled in such a position as to cut through the connecting copper track(s).
- It is possible to allow controlled drill breakout, without sacrificing board performance. One method of achieving this is to apply teardrops to required pads and vias. Teardropping (otherwise known as filleting or tapering) is the process of applying additional land area to the pad/via at the junction with any connecting track(s). This additional area protects the pad-track or via-track connection should breakout occur.